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英語語態(tài)用法管理

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英語語態(tài)用法管理

一.何時使用被動語態(tài)

1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要

如:Paperismadefromwood.

Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.

Hewaswoundedinthefight.

2.需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時

如:Calwlatorcan''''tbeusedinthemathsexam.

Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn''''tbetakenaway.

Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.

3為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn),避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍诱Z態(tài),或由于修飾的需要,使用被動語態(tài),使句子得以更好的安排。

如:Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.

Electricityisusedtorunmachines.

二.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

1.be+done可以是被動語態(tài),也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式。被動語態(tài)中,done可以帶by短語,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中done相當(dāng)于adj.不帶by短語。

如:Thequestionissettled.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被動語態(tài))

Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被動語態(tài))

Thejobwaswelldone.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.(被動語態(tài))

2.許多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞。句中如果有by,通常是被動語態(tài)。

如:Iwasworriedabeutyouallnight.(表狀態(tài))

Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.(表動作)

TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表動作)

Theglassisbroken.(表狀態(tài))

Iwasfrightenedbyhisghoststory.

Shewasfrightenedatthesightofasnake.

三.不同形式的被動語態(tài)

1.含有直賓和間賓的主動結(jié)構(gòu),變?yōu)楸粍訒r,可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個不動一般是主語結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z。

如:Heshowedmehispictures.

Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.

Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.

Auntmademeanewdress.

Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.

Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.

Hesentmeabirthdaypresent.

Iwassentabirthdaypresentbyhim.

Abirthdaypresentwassenttomebyhim.

2含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句,賓補不變。

(1)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,賓補不變。

如:TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.

Heleftthedooropen.Thedoorwarleftopenbyhim.

(2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.help既動詞后變做賓補的不定式一般不加to,變?yōu)楸粍樱仨毤觮o.

如:MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.

IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.

Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.

Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomuptairslastnight.

DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?

WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?

3.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。是由情態(tài)V+be+p.p.構(gòu)成

如:Theycannotfindhim.

Hecannotbefound.

Youmustpaymeforthis.

Imustbepaidforthis.

Hecanrepairyourwatch.

Yourwatchcanberepaired.

4.短語V的被動語態(tài)

一般來講,只有及物V才有被動語態(tài),因為只有vt才能有動作的承受者;但有許多由不及物動詞+介詞及其他詞類構(gòu)成的短語動詞,相當(dāng)與及物動詞,可以有賓語。因而可以有被動語態(tài),但應(yīng)注意短語V是一個不可分割的整體。變被動時,不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的prep或adv.這樣的短語有:lookafter,listento,lookat,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,makeuesof,etc.

如:Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefire--brigadearrived.

Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-brigadearrived.

Theywillsetupanewpublicschoolhere.

Anewpublicschoolwillbesetuphere.

5.有些動詞用主動形式表被動含義。.

如:Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan''''topen.

6.有些詞如want,need,require和beworth后面,v-ing形式為主動,意義為被動。

如:Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.

Thebookisworthreading.

7.主動語態(tài)中的賓語是從句,變成被動時使用形式替代詞it.

如:WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.

It''''sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.

Theteachersaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages

It''''ssaidthatthisbookhasbeenfranslatedintoseverallanguages

8.賓語為反身代詞,相互代詞及虛詞it時,不用被動,只用主動。

如:Iwilldoitmyself.ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wang.

9.謂語動詞是以下時,無被動。

happen,belongto,suit,fit(適合),have,let,join,fall,last(延長),cost(花費)

breakout(爆發(fā))appear,burstout(迸發(fā)),hold(容納),lack(缺乏),agreewith(同意).

10.據(jù)說類動詞:say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.

如:Itissaidthat…Thereissaidtobe…Sth./Sb.issaidto…

11.主動形式表被動

①感官動詞:sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主語是物時;

②一些vi主動形式表被動含義open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.

③不定式toblame,tolet(出租)作表語時,主動形式表被動含義

④表(sth)需要的need,want,require等后的動名詞用主動形式表被動含義

⑤beworth后的動名詞主動形式表被動含義